Pain fiber nerves are very small diameter nerves and cannot be tested. One cannot easily test sensory roots at the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in the spinal canal and small sensory and autonomic fibers. The structures that can be tested are large motor and sensory nerves, neuromuscular junctions and the muscle cells themselves. The information gained may be quite valuable or occasionally add confusion to the diagnosis. The experience and skills of the tester can significantly impact the quality of the examination. Unlike an MRI, the results of these tests are not necessarily specific. Two types of specialists, neurologists and physiatrists normally perform these tests. For example, if compression of the spinal cord causing myelopathy is present (see website), the EMG/NCV test will not be sensitive to this condition and will not be diagnostic. However, if only pain and/or sensory changes develop from nerve compression without motor involvement, the EMG/NCV is less useful as it will probably not identify this disorder.ĮMG and NCV testing will not be helpful to diagnose problems that originate from the central nervous system (CNS). Radiculopathy (compression of the nerve root in the spine), neuropathy (dysfunction of the nerve in the arm or leg), some forms of multiple sclerosis and some other nerve diseases can be demonstrated by the EMG/NCV. There are some basic problems that can be easily diagnosed and some disorders that these tests cannot easily distinguish apart. EMGs and NCVs are electrical tests to help diagnose problems that can occur in the peripheral nervous system.
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